Q121
Q121 How does paging differ from segmentation in memory management?
Paging divides memory into fixed-size pages
Segmentation is faster than paging
Paging uses variable-sized blocks
Segmentation uses fixed-size blocks
Q122
Q122 What is the role of the page table in a virtual memory system?
It maps virtual addresses to physical addresses
It manages CPU registers
It caches instructions
It stores data
Q123
Q123 What causes a page fault in a virtual memory system?
The CPU encounters a data hazard
The CPU executes an illegal instruction
Memory access is too fast
The requested page is not in physical memory
Q124
Q124 How would you write an assembly instruction to move data into a page frame in a virtual memory system?
MOV AX, [FRAME]
MOV [PAGE], AX
MOV FRAME, [AX]
MOV AX, [PAGE]
Q125
Q125 Write a code snippet that checks for a page fault and handles it by loading the required page from disk.
load_page(); check_page();
check_page(); load_page();
check_page(); reset_page();
load_page(); reset_page();
Q126
Q126 How would you implement paging in a virtual memory system using assembly language?
By using cache memory
By using direct memory access
By dividing memory into segments
By mapping pages to frames
Q127
Q127 A system is encountering frequent page faults. What is the most likely cause?
CPU clock speed is too high
Incorrect page table
Insufficient RAM
ALU failure
Q128
Q128 A virtual memory system is failing to load pages into memory correctly. What could be the issue?
Incorrect instruction set
Faulty page table
ALU failure
Memory overflow
Q129
Q129 What is the primary purpose of benchmarking in computer systems?
To reduce memory usage
To increase clock speed
To measure system performance
To manage power consumption
Q130
Q130 How is throughput measured in a computer system?
Data transfer rate
Memory cycles
Clock cycles per instruction
Instructions per second
Q131
Q131 What is the relationship between CPI (Cycles per Instruction) and system performance?
CPI only affects memory
Higher CPI leads to higher performance
Lower CPI leads to higher performance
CPI does not affect performance
Q132
Q132 How does Amdahl's Law affect system performance improvements?
It limits the maximum speedup due to parallelism
It improves system memory
It decreases clock speed
It shows that parallel processing can infinitely improve performance
Q133
Q133 Given a processor with a clock speed of 3 GHz, how many instructions can be executed per second if the CPI is 2?
500 million
2 billion
1.5 billion
1 billion
Q134
Q134 Write a code snippet to calculate the overall system performance using the formula Performance = 1 / (CPI * Clock Cycle Time).
Performance = CPI / Clock Speed;
Performance = 1 / Clock Speed;
CPI = 2; Clock_Cycle_Time = 1/3GHz; Performance = 1 / (CPI * Clock_Cycle_Time);
Performance = CPI * Clock Speed;
Q135
Q135 A system is showing lower-than-expected performance despite a high clock speed. What could be the issue?
Low cache size
High CPI
Incorrect instruction set
Insufficient RAM
Q136
Q136 A benchmarking test shows inconsistent results when measuring system throughput. What could be the cause?
Incorrect CPI calculation
Constant memory usage
Cache misses
CPU overheating
Q137
Q137 What is the primary characteristic of RISC architecture?
Complex instruction set
Variable-length instructions
Microprogramming
Simple and reduced instruction set
Q138
Q138 How does RISC architecture typically handle instructions compared to CISC?
Executes instructions in multiple cycles
Uses microcode
Executes one instruction per cycle
Has complex instructions
Q139
Q139 What is one of the challenges of implementing RISC architecture?
Slower instruction execution
Handling complex instructions with simple instructions
Increased memory usage
High power consumption
Q140
Q140 Write an assembly instruction to perform an addition in a typical RISC architecture.
ADD R1, R2
SUB R1, R2
MUL R1, R2
DIV R1, R2
Q141
Q141 How would you implement a branch instruction in a RISC assembly language?
BEQ R1, R2, LABEL
MOV R1, R2
SUB R1, R2
AND R1, R2
Q142
Q142 A RISC processor is experiencing performance issues. Which of the following is a likely cause?
Slow clock speed
Too many complex instructions
Insufficient registers
Overloaded ALU
Q143
Q143 A program is running slower on a RISC processor than expected. What could be the issue?
Complex instructions
High CPI
Low cache hit rate
Slow I/O operations
Q144
Q144 What is the main feature of superscalar architecture?
Executes one instruction at a time
Reduces memory size
Increases clock speed
Executes multiple instructions in parallel
Q145
Q145 How does VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) architecture differ from superscalar architecture?
VLIW executes instructions sequentially
Superscalar is faster
Superscalar relies on compiler to detect parallelism
VLIW instructions are executed in parallel
Q146
Q146 What is a key benefit of using out-of-order execution in modern processors?
Increases clock speed
Allows instructions to be executed in any order
Increases instruction length
Reduces memory usage
Q147
Q147 How would you implement instruction-level parallelism (ILP) in assembly language?
By executing instructions sequentially
By reducing instruction length
By increasing clock speed
By using pipelining and superscalar techniques
Q148
Q148 Write a code snippet to demonstrate out-of-order execution in an advanced processor architecture.
ADD R1, R2; LOAD R3, MEM; MUL R4, R3;
SUB R1, R2;
MOV R1, MEM; ADD R1, R3;
LOAD R1, MEM1; ADD R2, R1; LOAD R3, MEM2; MUL R4, R3;
Q149
Q149 A superscalar processor is underperforming. What could be the reason?
ALU malfunction
Too many registers
Incorrect instruction length
Poor instruction-level parallelism (ILP)
Q150
Q150 A VLIW processor is showing low performance. What is the likely cause?
Too many instructions
Clock speed is too low
Too many cache misses
Compiler is not optimizing instruction bundling
