Are you preparing for your first Golang interview and wondering what questions you might face?
Understanding the key Golang interview questions for freshers can give you more clarity.
With this guide, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle these Golang interview questions and answers for freshers and make a strong impression in your interview.
Practice Golang Interview Questions and Answers
Below are the top 50 Golang interview questions for freshers with answers:
1. What is Go language?
Answer:
Go, often referred to as Golang, is a statically typed, compiled programming language developed by Google. It is designed for simplicity, concurrency, and scalability, making it suitable for cloud and server-side development. Go is known for its clean syntax and efficient memory management.
2. What is a Go workspace?
Answer:
A Go workspace is a directory hierarchy where Go code is organized. It typically contains three subdirectories: src (source files), pkg (package objects), and bin (compiled binaries). The workspace structure allows for efficient project management in Go projects.
3. How do you define a function in Go?
Answer:
In Go, a function is defined using the func keyword, followed by the function name, parameters, and return type.
return a + b
}
This defines a function add that takes two integers and returns their sum.
4. What is a Go package?
Answer:
Packages in Go allow code to be organized into reusable units. Every Go program starts with a package declaration. The main package is used for executable programs, while other packages are for libraries.
import “fmt”
func main() {
fmt.Println(“Hello, Go!”)
}
5. What are goroutines in Go?
Answer:
Goroutines are lightweight threads in Go used for concurrent execution. They are managed by the Go runtime, making them more efficient compared to traditional threads.
fmt.Println(“Running in a goroutine”)
}()
This creates a goroutine that runs the provided function concurrently.
6. Explain Go’s defer statement.
Answer:
defer is used to postpone the execution of a function until the surrounding function returns. It’s often used for resource cleanup, such as closing files.
f, _ := os.Open(“example.txt”)
defer f.Close() // Closes the file after readFile finishes
}
7. How do you handle errors in Go?
Answer:
In Go, errors are handled by returning an error object from functions and checking it. Go encourages explicit error handling over exception-based models.
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err) // Handle the error
}
8. What are Go interfaces?
Answer:
An interface in Go is a type that defines a set of method signatures. Any type that implements those methods automatically satisfies the interface.
Area() float64
}
type Circle struct {
Radius float64
}
func (c Circle) Area() float64 {
return 3.14 * c.Radius * c.Radius
}
9. What is the difference between var, :=, and const?
Answer:
- var is used to declare variables that can change values.
- := is shorthand for declaring and initializing variables.
- const defines constants whose values cannot change.
y := 20
const Pi = 3.14
10. Explain Go’s garbage collection.
Answer:
Go automatically manages memory through garbage collection, which frees up memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use. Go’s garbage collector is highly efficient, making it ideal for long-running applications.
11. How do Go slices work?
Answer:
A slice in Go is a dynamically-sized, flexible view into the elements of an array. Unlike arrays, slices are not fixed in size and can grow or shrink.
s = append(s, 4)
12. What is a Go struct?
Answer:
A struct is a collection of fields, and it’s used to group data together in Go. It allows the creation of user-defined types that can store different properties.
Name string
Age int
}
13. How do you declare constants in Go?
Answer:
Constants are declared using the const keyword. Their values must be determined at compile time.
14. How do you implement concurrency in Go?
Answer:
Concurrency in Go is primarily handled using goroutines and channels. Goroutines run concurrently, while channels are used for communication between them.
go func() { ch <- 1 }()
fmt.Println(<-ch)
15. What are channels in Go?
Answer:
Channels are Go’s way of allowing goroutines to communicate and synchronize execution. They can be used to send and receive values between goroutines.
go func() { ch <- “Hello” }()
msg := <-ch
fmt.Println(msg) // Outputs: Hello
16. What is Go’s select statement?
Answer:
select allows a goroutine to wait on multiple channel operations. It blocks until one of its cases can run, making it useful for handling multiple channels.
case msg1 := <-ch1:
fmt.Println(“Received”, msg1)
case msg2 := <-ch2:
fmt.Println(“Received”, msg2)
}
17. How do you define methods on types in Go?
Answer:
In Go, methods are defined by associating them with a type. Methods allow types to have behavior.
Radius float64
}
func (c Circle) Area() float64 {
return 3.14 * c.Radius * c.Radius
}
18. What is the zero value in Go?
Answer:
The zero value is the default value assigned to variables when they are declared without initialization. For example, the zero value for an int is 0, for string it’s “”, and for pointers, it’s nil.
19. How do you create a pointer in Go?
Answer:
A pointer holds the memory address of a value. Pointers in Go are declared using the * symbol.
x := 42
p = &x
20. What is Go’s type inference?
Answer:
Type inference allows Go to automatically infer the type of a variable based on its initialization. This is done using the := shorthand.
21. How do you perform client-side navigation in Next.js?
Answer:
Client-side navigation is performed using the Link component from next/link, enabling navigation without full page reloads. This provides a smoother user experience, and the linked pages are prefetched for faster performance.
import Link from ‘next/link’;
return (
<Link href=”/about”>
<a>Go to About Page</a>
</Link>
);
}
22. How do you add custom metadata (e.g., title, meta tags) to a Next.js page?
Answer:
Next.js provides the Head component to insert custom metadata, like titles and meta tags, in the page head section. This is useful for SEO purposes and customizing individual pages.
export default function Home() {
return (
<>
<Head>
<title>My Custom Title</title>
<meta name=”description” content=”My custom description” />
</Head>
<div>Welcome to my page</div>
</>
);
}
23. What is Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR) in Next.js?
Answer:
Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR) allows you to update static content after the build process without rebuilding the entire site. It revalidates pages at a specific interval and serves updated content when needed.
return {
props: { data: ‘Sample data’ },
revalidate: 10, // Revalidates every 10 seconds
};
}
24. What is the difference between SSR and SSG in Next.js?
Answer:
SSR (Server-Side Rendering) generates the HTML on the server for each request, improving SEO and performance for dynamic content. SSG (Static Site Generation) builds HTML at compile time, serving pre-rendered pages for better performance in static scenarios.
25. How does API routing work in Next.js?
Answer:
Next.js provides API routes that allow you to build a back-end using Node.js within the framework. API routes are defined in the pages/api directory, and each file becomes an endpoint.
export default function handler(req, res) {
res.status(200).json({ message: ‘Hello World’ });
}
26. How does automatic static optimization work in Next.js?
Answer:
Automatic static optimization allows Next.js to automatically pre-render static pages if no getServerSideProps or getInitialProps functions are used. This improves performance and load time by serving static content.
27. What is dynamic routing in Next.js, and how is it implemented?
Answer:
Dynamic routing allows you to create routes based on dynamic segments, such as blog posts or user IDs. It’s implemented using brackets in the pages directory file name.
export default function Post({ params }) {
return <div>Post ID: {params.id}</div>;
}
